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Dureja, Prem
- Characterization of Antifungal Metabolites of Chaetomium globosum Kunze and their Antagonism against Fungal Plant Pathogens
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology, C.S.A. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur 208002, IN
2 Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, IN
3 Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, IN
1 Department of Plant Pathology, C.S.A. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur 208002, IN
2 Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, IN
3 Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 26, No 1 (2012), Pagination: 70-74Abstract
Chaetomium species which are normally found in soil and organic compost are noted for the presence of secondary metabolite with biological activities. Secondary metabolites from culture filtrate of Chaetomium globosum Kunze were extracted by solvent extraction method using ethyl acetate and separated by thin layer chromatography in five major bands of different Rf values. These compounds were further purified and fractioned with column chromatography. Compound '1' eluted with hexane (fraction 1-18) as color less liquid (Rf 0.84), and other five compounds (2,3,4,5,6) with different ratio of hexane, benzene and acetone as solvent in different fractions as: 34-63 (Rf. 0.46), 71-75 (Rf 0.31), 78 (Rf 0.58), 76-77 (Rf 0.58) and 85-89 (Rf 0.47) were eluted and purified. GS-MS and NMR studies revealed that compounds 2-6 were identical to spectral data of metabolites, chaetomin, BHT, mollicelin G, isomer of mollicelin G and cochiliodinol respectively. One more elution with benzene: acetone (95 : 5 v/v) gave a pale yellow crystalline compound of Rf 0.37 identified as chaetoglobosin. Bioassay studies with two compounds i.e., chaetoglobosin and chaetomin revealed significant growth inhibitory activity against various plant pathogens such as Bipolaris sorokiniana, Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum under in vitro conditions.Keywords
Chaetomium globosum, Biocontrol and Secondary Metabolites, HPLC GC- MS.Full Text
References
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- Response of the Egg Parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to Kairomones from Three Host Insects
Abstract Views :223 |
PDF Views:136
Authors
Affiliations
1 Division of Entomology, IARI, New Delhi, 110012, IN
2 Division of Agricultural Chemicals, IARI, New Delhi, 110012, IN
3 Department of Zoology, Delhi University, Delhi, 110007, IN
1 Division of Entomology, IARI, New Delhi, 110012, IN
2 Division of Agricultural Chemicals, IARI, New Delhi, 110012, IN
3 Department of Zoology, Delhi University, Delhi, 110007, IN
Source
Journal of Biological Control, Vol 22, No 2 (2008), Pagination: 333-340Abstract
Kairomones emanating from males and females of three different host insects, viz., Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Chilo auricilius (Dudgeon) (Crambidae: Lepidoptera) that tend to influence the parasitic potential of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii was studied. Whole body extracts of male and female moths were analysed separately by gas liquid chromatography for determining their hydrocarbon profile, which showed the presence of straight chain saturated hydrocarbons ranging from C9 to C50, Different host insects showed variation in number and concentration of these chemicals, which were responsible for influencing parasitoid activity and parasitism. The concentration of these hydrocarbons ranged from 4 ppm to 1215280 ppm. The foraging activity of the parasitoid as indicated by parasitoid activity index (PAI) was highest (14.63) in S. exigua female body extract at highest concentration (60, 0000 ppm). Per cent mean parasitism rates recorded for S. litura male and S. exigua male and female body extract were significantly different from that for the body extract of C. auricilius. Both kairomonal interactions observed in the male body extract of S. litura could be due to the presence of appreciably very high amounts of favourable hydrocarbons docosane and heneicosane and comparatively high amount of octosane and pentaeosane as compared to its female body extract. Similarly, female body extract of S. exigua also showed comparatively higher amounts of favourable hydrocarbons tricosane, docosane, pentacosane, heneicosane and hexacosane as compared to its male body extract. Based on the hydrocarbon profile of body washings of males and females of the three host insects and quantity of favourable and unfavourable hydrocarbons present in individual extract body, it may be coneluded that heneicosane and hexacosane exerted significantly higher level of kairomonal effect on the parasitoid as compared to other hydrocarbons. The response elicited by the male extract body of S. litura was significantly higher, whereas the body extract of male C. auricilius elicited the least response from T. chilonis. These favourable hydrocarbons at the appropriate concentration of body extract of spent adults of S. litura males and S. exigua females could be used for enhancing parasitization by T. chilonis.Keywords
Chilo auricilius, Host Body Extract, Kairomones, Spodoptera exigua, S. litura, Trichogramma chilonis.Full Text